鈑金加工零件有哪些成型方法?

鈑金加工除了采用機(jī)械制造也中普遍采用的冷沖壓工藝之外，還有一些其他的特別的方式，橡皮液壓成形、拉彎成形、噴丸成形：

1、橡皮液壓成形：向裝于容框中的橡皮胎內(nèi)充高壓液體，使之膨脹，從而推動(dòng)毛料按照模胎的形狀形成零件。這樣形成的零件準(zhǔn)確度高，表面無壓痕。橡皮胎是一種通用的柔性凹模，所以在工作臺上可以安放多個(gè)不同形狀的模胎。這種方法成本更低，生產(chǎn)效率高，一次循環(huán)之后就能夠同時(shí)產(chǎn)出多個(gè)零件。

2、拉彎成形：先將型材毛料沿長度方向拉伸至屈服極限，然后保持拉力并使毛料按拉彎模的型面彎曲成形。預(yù)先的拉伸可以有效地改變彎曲時(shí)毛料內(nèi)部的應(yīng)力分布，從而提高零件的成形準(zhǔn)確度。

3、噴丸成形：利用壓縮空氣(或高速葉輪)使直徑為0.3～2.5毫米的許多鋼丸從噴嘴噴出。高速彈流打擊毛料的一側(cè)表面，使表面層金屬因受擠而面積加大，產(chǎn)生壓應(yīng)力，使毛料向未受彈丸打擊的一面彎曲，成為曲面形狀。

以上三種成形方法為企業(yè)很大程度上節(jié)約了成本，不僅有利于增強(qiáng)零件的疲勞強(qiáng)度，對實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率的生產(chǎn)也具有重要意義，極大推動(dòng)了生產(chǎn)力的提升。

In addition to the cold stamping process, which is commonly used in mechanical manufacturing, there are some other special ways, such as rubber hydroforming, bending forming and shot peening.

1, rubber hydroforming: filling high pressure liquid in the rubber tyre installed in the frame so that it expands, thus pushing the wool to form parts according to the shape of the mold. The parts formed in this way are of high accuracy and no indentation on the surface. Rubber tyre is a versatile flexible die, so multiple moulds with different shapes can be placed on the worktable. This method is lower in cost and more efficient in production. After one cycle, multiple parts can be produced simultaneously.

2, stretch bending forming: first stretch the profile wool along the length direction to the yield limit, then maintain the tensile force and make the wool bending and forming according to the stretch bending die surface. Pre stretching can effectively change the stress distribution inside the wool when bending, thereby improving the forming accuracy of the parts.

3. Shot Peening: using compressed air (or high speed impeller), many steel balls with diameters of 0.3 to 2.5 mm are ejected from the nozzle. The high velocity elastoflow strikes one side of the surface of the wool material, which causes the surface metal to be squeezed and increase the area, producing pressure stress, so that the material will bend to the side of the shot not hit by the projectile and become a curved surface.

The above three kinds of forming methods have saved the cost to a large extent, which not only helps to enhance the fatigue strength of the parts, but also is of great significance to the realization of high efficiency production, which greatly promotes the promotion of productivity.